嗯.....小弟認為應該先釐清一些概念再行導論比較適合。
口徑:砲管內壁尺寸。
倍徑:砲管長度與口徑的比率。
例:CM11所使用的M68A1戰車砲,其口徑為105mm,倍徑51;可簡記為「105mmL51」。
火炮的分別(以長度分):
1.加農砲(cannon):火砲倍徑在30以上.
1)A cannon with relatively long barrel, operating with relatively low angle of fire,and having a high muzzle velocity.
2)A cannon with tube length 30 calibers or more.
2.榴彈砲(howitzer):火砲倍徑在20~30之間.
1) A cannon which combines certain characteristics of guns and mortars. The howitzer delivers projectiles with medium velocities, either by low or high trajectories.
2) Normally a cannon with a tube length of 20 to 30 calibers.
3.迫擊砲/臼砲(mortar):火砲倍徑在20以下.
A muzzle-loading, indirect fire weapon with either a rifled or smooth bore. It usually has a shorter range than a howitzer, employs a higher angle of fire, and has a tube, length of 10 to 20 calibers.
其他的無後座力砲,低膛壓砲,口徑漸減砲,火箭砲等在此先略過...
炮彈的種類:
1.[Kinetic Energy] KE 動能彈:
[Armor Piercing] AP 穿甲彈
[Armor Piercing Capped]APC 甲帽穿甲彈
[Armor Piercing Capped Ballistic Capped]APCBC 低風阻甲帽穿甲彈
[Hyper Velocity Armor Piercing] HVAP 高速穿甲彈
[Armor Piercing Composite Rigid] APCR 硬芯穿甲彈
[Armor Piercing Discarding Sabot] APDS 脫殼穿甲彈
[APDS Fin Stabilized] APFSDS 尾翼穩定脫殼穿甲彈(翼穩穿甲)
2.[Chemical Energy] CE 化學能彈:
[High Explosive] HE 榴彈
[High Explosive Anti Tank] HEAT 高爆穿甲彈or高爆戰防彈or破甲榴彈
[High Explosive Plastic] HEP 塑膠榴彈
[Shrapnel] 榴散彈
[Canister] 散彈
[Smoke] 煙幕彈
[Illuminating] 照明彈
[Training] 練習彈
[APERS] 一種人員殺傷用的散彈,一稱箭矢彈,從前教範上有記載此彈,不過我軍買不到...(因為山姆大叔不賣)
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m546.htm